1660–1670: Chinese-Hebrew Memorial Book
Hebrew-Chinese Memorial Book [Zane Archives]
Dr Berthold Laufer (劳乌茀, 1874–1934) believed the Chinese-Hebrew Memorial Book (汉文-希伯来文谱牒) of the Kaifeng Jewish congregation was compiled between the years 1660 and 1670.
Written in both Chinese and Hebrew, the book recorded the deceased members of the community.
It differentiated those who were and were not Jewish by birth, especially the women, as many Jewish men took in non-Jewish wives. Each woman who was not of Jewish birth were designated "Daughter of Adam." The names of 453 men and 259 women were listed. Children were omitted.
As to why this book was compiled and compiled around this time, a clue can be taken from the inscription of 1663 where it explained the reason for the erection of the stone pillar, "Yet fearing that after a lapse of time this story would not be handed on, he (Zhao Cheng-ji) desired to have it cut on stone to be transmitted to future generations.” It is possible that the Memorial Book was drawn up for the same reason — that the community was perhaps concerned for the future of its existence and worried that its legacies might be lost to historyIn 1851, the two Chinese Protestant Delegates sourced this book from the Kaifeng kehillah and brought it to Shanghai.